Essay about Athens The Superior Polis Compared to Sparta

Athens was a much more superior polis compared to Sparta because the Athenians invented new ideas and creations that supported the people, such as democracy, the Athenians led the Delian League, and Sparta created the Peloponnesian League after the Athenians created their alliance, and the Athenians changed the ways of their government many times to suit the people, and the Spartans did not. The Athenians created the idea of Democracy which is a widely used form of government today. Solon was credited as the man who created the foundation for Athenian Democracy. He changed the whole game. He threw out the debt of the poor so they would not be slaves anymore, he outlawed the slavery because of debt so that it would never happen again, he†¦show more content†¦It is like the states and counties that the United States of America has. Each tribe chose 50 people and the sub-divisions choose a number of people corresponding to the number of people they had in the sub-division to go into the tribe’s 50 people. The Athenians creating Democracy created a whole new world for today. They wanted to help everyone, so that is why they might have led the Delian League. The Greeks closest to the Persian Empire after the war created the Delian League to protect them from the Persians. The Greeks chose the Athenians to lead them. The Spartans were originally asked to lead them, but the kind was very arrogant, so they retracted their offer. The Spartans then created the Peloponnesian League because they didn’t think the Athenians should lead the Delian League because they were getting too much credit for defeating the Persians in the war. The two leagues didn’t get along at all. This rivalry eventually turned into the Peloponnesian War. This war went on for about 30 years. After the war, the government changed in Athens. The Athenians changed governments many times. They started democracy, they had tyranny, they had aristocracy, they had oligarchy, and they had monarchy. Solon was the one that got rid of the oligarchy. An oligarchy is when a small group of wealthy and high class people rule the government. The Athenians switched aroundShow MoreRelatedAthens vs. Sparta1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Athens Vs. Sparta Throughout the ancient world there were two dominating empires. (S) The Athenian City (polis) and the Spartan empire. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. However, the city of Athens was by far a much more influential and powerful city-state in comparison to Sparta. Although both the city-states had their own strengths such as their government, social structure and their military tactics, Athens was a pivotal city that still to this dayRead MoreThe Palace Of Knossos By King Minos2547 Words   |  11 Pagesin independent bands, which accounts for the Sea Peoples destruction of the whole Mediterranean area. Sea Peoples most likely were employees of once powerful civilizations, and they turned on them for power and riches. The Sea Peoples employed a superior fighting styles to that of the Mycenaean Greeks. The Sea Peoples were on foot and were able to use their long swords to maneuver around the chariot-riding Mycenaeans. As a result, the Sea Peop les saw to the end of Mycenaean Civilization in aroundRead MoreThe Iliad And The Battle Of Thermopylae1832 Words   |  8 Pageshis lack of honour.† (Iliad pg1) Hector tells his brother, â€Å"Will not the Achaeans [Greeks] mock us and say that we have sent one as a champion who is handsome to see but who has neither strength, nor character, nor courage? (Iliad pg1-2) Hector compared how being an unmarried man, would be better than not participating in the war. The Greek society was very much a war society because men who did not participate in the war were considered cowards and dishonorable. Not being in the war affectedRead MorePhilosophy in Ancient Greece3782 Words   |  16 Pageseach polis had its own polity and government. Second: in spite of this fragmentary nature, the ancient Greeks had no doubt that that they were ‘one people’; they all shared the same religion, the same language, and the same basic culture. This did not stop them from fighting am ongst themselves, however. In fact, the poleis were never really united unless threatened by a dangerous common enemy, as was the case in the Greco-Persian Wars. Two poleis that played a major role in those wars, Athens andRead MoreEssay about Ancient History: Sparta 98% Assesment Mark6373 Words   |  26 PagesANCIENT HISTORY ASSESMENT: SPARTA By Jorge T What are the main features of Spartan government in the period to 500BC?: HOW SPARTAN CONSTITUTION/GOVERNMENT CAME TO BE: Throughout the Greek world at this time, a great period of expansion and colonization took place, chiefly due to land hunger. Sparta attacked neighboring Messenia and engaged in a series of wars, reducing the population to serfdom. The success in these wars enabled Sparta to double the agricultural resources. At some pointRead MoreEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pages1007/s10101-009-0059-x ORIGINAL PAPER â€Å"Rulers ruled by women†: an economic analysis of the rise and fall of women’s rights in ancient Sparta Robert K. Fleck  · F. Andrew Hanssen Received: 10 January 2008 / Accepted: 27 May 2008 / Published online: 20 March 2009  © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Until modern times, most women possessed relatively few formal rights. The women of ancient Sparta were a striking exception. Although they could not vote, Spartan women reportedly owned 40 percent of Sparta’s agriculturalRead Moreontemporary Thinkers: Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Aguinas Essay6220 Words   |  25 Pagesfate of the Greek city-states historically. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the time of Pericles, Plato, and Aristotle, Greece was divided into city-states with a wide variety of constitutions, ranging from Spartas military dictatorship to Athens direct democracy. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Most city-states had about 300,000 people, each divided into one of three classes : citizens, metics, or slaves. The citizens represented a total of one - third the population. The members of this classRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay13163 Words   |  53 Pagesnations in their region, calling the new town Alexandropolis. Philips autocracy was not appreciated by the Athenians, and Demosthenes considered him semi-barbarian. Obviously the hegemony of Macedonia presented a threat for the autonomous politics of Athens. Related articles on the net: Aristotle and Alexander Hephaistion Bucephalus - various traditions PERSEUSPROJECT, wives and sons: Paus. 9.7.2 PERSEUSPROJECT, passionate nature: Paus. 6.18.2 PERSEUSPROJECT, good fortune: Paus.4.35.4,Paus.7.10.3 PERSEUSPROJECT

In The World We Live In Today, Especially In The United

In the world we live in today, especially in the United States, people did not think about the food they eat— where it came from, how it was grown and what hormones or antibiotics were used. However, through the advancement of the Internet, social media, phones and applications and people’s increased pressure for transparency and making science understandable, food has become a controversial topic in regards to genetic modification, antibiotics, and pesticides and herbicides. Too many people believe that only people who study science can understand science, and as scientists and people knowledgeable in science fields, we have to combat this misconception. It is true that science uses a lot of jargon that other people outside the field†¦show more content†¦Genetic engineering is frequently attributed to rearranging the genetic code to create a desired phenotype. However, many people consider cloning, another hot topic, to be a form of genetic engineering, which does not involve any rearrangement of genes. Due to the broad definitions of biotechnology, examining scientific evidence and drawing conclusions may be highly variable. Opponents against GMOs may believe, among a variety of other reasons, that GMOs may cause allergic reactions and have an unclear long-term effect. Food allergies have been increasing in children over the past years in the United States and in other countries, and the first GMO, Flavr Savr tomato, was first on the market in 1994 (Leary, 1994). Is it a correlation or causation? In the United States, there was a huge jump in non-respiratory allergies in children ages 0-18 in 2009, about 15 years after GMOs were first approved (Figure 1). As of 2015, 37 countries have GMO prohibitions ranging from banning GMO cultivation to banning both GMO cultivation and importation. Data by country is overlaid with food allergy prevalence, but it is inconclusive due to lack of data for comparisons with countries with bans on both cul tivation and importation such as Russia (Figure 2). There seems to be no difference in allergies between having no prohibitions and only cultivation prohibitions but no importShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking And The Rights Of The Poor And Needy1300 Words   |  6 Pagestrafficking to present the topics in America today that are categorized to be socially unacceptable to speak of. Americans only want to hear good things and only talk about fun topics. They want to live in a perfect world, where everyone loves them and there is peace. Peace is so heavily publicized, we have even set aside a national holiday for it. What American’s are trying to publicize is a desired thought that can never be obtained. If there are people in the world, there will be pain, suffering, sin,Read MoreHow Did 9/11/01 Affect the Way We Live in America Today?958 Words   |  4 PagesHow did 9/11/01 affect the way we live in America today? There have been many turning points in American History; however none have the same effect as September 11, 2001, and many Americans relate the day to the country’s loss of innocence. As a result of 9/11 many American’s lives were affected emotionally, physically, economically, and politically. A month after the terrorist attack in the US, a war was launched by the United States. This war was known as the â€Å"fight back† war. It was theRead MoreRespect for NCOs in the Army1063 Words   |  5 Pagesprehistoric bands of people, looking for experience and leadership, and remains today as we know it within societies and militaries around the world. Indeed, nothing with an organizational hierarchy, including civilization itself, could exist as we know it today without the ongoing application of respect, in its many forms. This fact is most obvious, and can not be illustrated any further, than by looking at the worlds militaries, and by observing customs, courtesies, and policies of differentRead MoreThe United States Of America995 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America was built on the equality of human beings as an entire race. Throughout every decade the liabilities and rights of our government are shifted into a new way of thinking in legislature. The political cartoon chosen impacts our society today in one of the largest political debates of our generation in the eyes of those who have personally had to deal with the cause. Without artists creating political cartoons to advertise around the world, we would have no way to expressRead MoreAmerica Is The Melting Pot Of The World848 Words   |  4 Pageson the world that we live in today, especially in America. America is the melting pot of the world. People from all over the world come here to live, so we have adapted to different cultures all around the world. One of the biggest influences in our society today is Greece and Rome. They influenced our alphabet, language, entertainment, laws, archi tect, religion, and calendar. The way Americans communicate today is all thanks to the Romans. Our alphabet comes from the Roman alphabet. We have changeRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is The Problem1586 Words   |  7 Pagessource of many of the problems afflicting the world today, including climate change, food and water scarcity, environmental degradation, as well as other economic and social effects like unemployment. She adopts logos, ethos, and pathos as well as an urgent tone in order to persuade the United Nations, government officials, and the general public to acknowledge the fact the current high population is the main cause of the problems affecting the world today and also to stress that the unchecked populationRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1122 Words   |  5 PagesPrivacy is an important issue, especially in the United States where the NSA looms over the internet, tracking your every move. Privacy is what allows you to maintain your own individualism, what makes you a person and especia lly your freedom. A growing debate concerning Orwell’s 1984 relevancy is quickly on the rise. Orwell’s fear of a totalitarian society led him to write this book as he lived during the totalitarian movement in Russia. The fear of a totalitarian society spreading sparked his fearRead More Terrorism - We Don’t Need an Arab American Internment Essay849 Words   |  4 Pages We Don’t Need an Arab American Internment nbsp; This nation has suffered a vicious surprise attack on its own soil, by people of a different race and culture. We suffered a similar surprise attack sixty years ago, and so the comparisons to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor came immediately. nbsp; We would do well to pursue the analogy, because the Pearl Harbor attack led to the most massive government-sponsored human rights violation in the United States since the end of slavery.Read MoreUnited States Military Veterans During The War Of 18121112 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States Military Veterans Veterans are important because they have given us our freedom from tyrants for the past 237 years. Vets fought against the oppressors from of England during the War of Independence and the War of 1812. They continue to fight today! The estimated amount of casualties from the War of Independence was around 50,000! That means over 50,000 people died to stop England’s tyranny, in just one of two wars! In attacking Americans in the War of 1812, England sent ten timesRead MoreDiscrimination Research Paper1520 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Report Kevin Clerkley Discrimination Thesis Statement: Throughout the United States, there are millions of Americans who are struggling against direct and indirect discrimination. Discrimination is the making of a difference in treatment or favor on a basis other than individual merit (Merriam Webster Dictionary). Our world has always been faced with the problem of discrimination. It is one of the most discussed topics nowadays and throughout history. In all countries

Essay Pa Chins Family - 1364 Words

All through time, successive generations have rebelled against the values and traditions of their elders. In all countries, including China, new generations have sought to find a different path than that of their past leaders. Traditional values become outdated and are replaced with what the younger society deems as significant. Family concentrates on this very subject. In the novel, three brothers struggle against the outdated Confucian values of their elders. Alike in their dislike of the traditional Confucian system of their grandfather, yet very different in their interactions with him and others, begin to reach beyond the ancient values of Confucianism and strive for a breath of freedom. Their struggles against the old values†¦show more content†¦In addition, Chueh-hsin hoped that despite his arranged marriage he would at least be able to finish his education and become a high-ranking official as was hoped for him by his mother, of which he only had his tragic memo ries. Instead, he is removed from school and forced to enter the workforce in order to provide for his family and younger brothers, as dictated by the Confucian values of filial piety. Although Chueh-hsin did not agree with these values, which so unfairly restricted him from his goals and desires, he felt as if he had no choice but to follow the word of his father and grandfather, the Venerable Master Kao. Towards the end of the novel, Chueh-hsin takes his last harsh blow from the Confucian dictates of his family, when his wife dies during childbirth, as a result of being forced away beyond the safety and comfort of the town and home, because of superstitious values of children being born in a household where a death had recently occurred. When this event occurs, Chueh-hsin realizes that he has made a mistake that is entirely irrevocable and that he himself is largely to blame for in adhering to the values and restrictions of the family. Upon realizing this, he decides to strike back in his own way, against the family, by helping his youngest brother, Chueh-hui, escape at the end of the novel.Show MoreRelatedThe Challenge for New Ones in the Book, Family by Pa Chin 811 Words   |  3 PagesThe Book named Family primarily illustrates the conflicts between traditional and new ideas during a modern China period. Before the modern period, many Chinese used to live with the idea of collectivism, and against the belief of individualism. In the book Family, the author focuses to illustrate many struggles the Kao family face because the younger generation aimed to reject the old Confucian values, but rather, to restructure the family and to change the society for individual wants and desiresRead MoreCharacterization Of Family By Pa Chin Characterization2263 Words   |  10 PagesHan Wei Rep. Works of Mod. Chinese Lit Ying Wang 16th December 2016 Characterization in Family by Pa Chin   Characterization is a literary device that is a step by step process wherein the aurhor introduces and then describes a character. The character can be described directly by the author or indirectly. Direct characterization is also called explicit characterization, which tells audience the personality of characters directly. Indirect characterization or implicit characterization shows characters’Read MoreCharacterization As A Literary Tool Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pagesnovel as well as reflecting  its historical context. This cultural thinking is, indeed, evident in such novels as Henry Fielding s  Tom Jones  and Hardy s  Tess of the d Ubervilles  in which Angel and Tess represent different social classes.   One of Pa Chin’s tools is to write about the character’s private thoughts and feelings. The thoughts of characters can reveals the personality of characters. For instance, in chapter 12, the narrator illustrates Chueh-hui’s rebellious and independent personalityRead MoreASAM 5 Notes Essay6590 Words   |  27 Pagessuffer. Sonny is private. Blues is Sonnys best way to express the suffering. Why does Sonny have the blues? He is aimless, no plan. His brother has no blues because he has a job and family. What metaphor of minoritiness does Baldwin employ? Three interrelated narratives The story of two brothers and their family The social context: Harlem after World War II The blues as form and aesthetic vision The Story The basic plot Narrator reads about Sonny going to jail They communicate a littleRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesindividuals locally had the potential to be much more intensely connected by new communications technologies, state-sponsored programs to achieve autarky, a global epidemic of ethnic strife, uncontrolled urban growth, and the dissolution of extended family ties in many societies divided nations and communities and isolated individuals to an extent unparalleled in recorded human history. For teachers, in particular, the challenge of weaving together in meaningful ways the seemingly disparate strands

Obesity as a Social Issue Through the Advancement of...

The prevailing conception of obesity is one that holds the individual, and by extent their personal experiences and actions, accountable for their current state. However, this perspective is full of ideology and cultural beliefs, thus, we fail to recognise obesity as a social construct. Alterations in personal milieu can be said to be a product of cultural transformation and the entwinement of institutions. Therefore, to distinguish obesity as a social issue rather than a personal trouble, it is important to identify cultural trends, and the political and economic institutions that transcend the individual. Australia, being a well-developed country, has been subjected to the productive and destructive outcomes of globalisation and†¦show more content†¦Patterson and Johnston (2012) describe the political-economic attitude to food production as an all-consuming quest for corporate control and surplus maximisation (Patterson, 2012). As a result, the global food economy often comes at the detriment of public health, of which obesity is quickly gaining rank. Through the use of technology, advertising presents a contradictory call-to-action by promoting the need to go out and purchase fast-food yet necessitating a sedentary lifestyle (Hillier, 2008). From a Marxist point of view, this unprecedented access to technology is essential for capital development. However, Patterson et al. (2012) believes that the media draws on scientific prompts from the medical society and filters and reconstructs these to reach their own idealistic goals (Patterson, 2012). They suggest that rates of obe sity are altered because the individual is seen as both a channel for maximising food consumption and a facilitator of the health and beauty industry, creating a link to neo-liberalism (Patterson, 2012). This highlights obesity as a social issue as they ‘often involve what Marxists call ‘contradictions’ (Mills, 2010:7). The views of Patterson et al. are further supported by the work of Hillier (2008) on Childhood obesity in the USA. Although not specific to Australia, the social structures resonate within most developed countries. With focus on childhoodShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Social Changes1225 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change Veronica Garcia February 22,2016 SOC/100 Lynn Ma Technology and Social Change Technology is the scientific knowledge of making tools in order t solve problems that are very specific. Automobiles, airplanes, cell phones, computers and the radio are examples of technological advances. These advancements have helped revolutionize the way people interact, meet, and conduct business. The increase of technology provides an influx of storage and retrieval, andRead MoreNutrition Labeling And Education Act962 Words   |  4 PagesThe rising rates of obesity in the 1990s were stimulated by the transformation of the American lifestyle caused by new policies, technological advancements, and changes in activity levels. When President George H. W. Bush signed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) in November 1990, it gave the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authority to require nutrition labeling on most foods. The nutritional data this law requires is beneficial for most Americans, but uneducated individuals whoRead MoreEffects of Technology Essay1265 Wor ds   |  6 PagesEnglish 091-040 4 December 2012 Effects of Technology in our world I. Introduction: State your plan for the Introduction paragraph * Changes in technology over the years * Why we depend on technology so much * How much we rely on technology Thesis statement: In today’s world, as technology is advancing around us, some of the major effects that can be seen are medical technology advances, ease of communication with the growing technology, and the negative effects on our body. IIRead MoreFat Tax for Australia: Obesity Epidemic1723 Words   |  7 Pages Fat Tax for Australia Introduction There is what has been referred to as obesity epidemic in Australia today. This trend affects everyone it the society; whether it be directly or indirectly. One particular concern within the at risk segment is children. The young in our society do not have the capacity, either mentally or the physical resources, to make their own informed decisions about their dietary consumption. Children are generally dependent upon their parents or institutions toRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Our Lives1544 Words   |  6 Pagesin society. Although many will use modern technology for many of its achievements and advancements, what many dont realize is that it has affected and continues to affect society in a negative way. Today more people are working longer hours and utilizing more technology in their everyday life. As a result of these longer hours and increased use of technology, more energy is being consumed which negatively impacts the environment. Much of the technology is created to make daily task more efficientRead MoreAnalysis Of Sherry Turkle s Alone Together1461 Words   |  6 Pagesmind, both authors seemingly mesh the principle that the advancement of technology has had a disappointing impact on social skills. The growing amount of ways in which humans communicate has created a complexity for choosing the correct method to build prosperous relationships. Technology has alienated humans from face to face interactions by weakening the ability to emphasize, commit, and form â€Å"real† friendships (Turkle 266). Technology has an uncanny ability to either unite people from unimaginedRead MoreThe Impact Of Medical Technology On Healthcare878 Words   |  4 PagesMedical technology encompasses a wide range of healthcare products and is used to diagnose, monitor, and treat diseases or medical conditions that affect humans. This may included but not limited too, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and medical equipment. Such technologies are intended to improve the quality of healthcare delivered through earlier diagnosis, less invasive treatment options and reductions in hospital stays and rehabilitation times. Recent advances in medical technology have also focusedRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology919 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has drastically changed over generations. With every advancement in technology the comfortability of every day living has improved. The development of technology began with human kind using natural resources to make simple tools. Tools help to minimize the time and effort of tasks that need to be performed. Current society relies heavily on the technology it has produced. The average American wakes up to a warm shower, a hot meal, a vehicle for transportation, and some type of equipmentRead MoreCvs Sets High Standards For Csr Policies944 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategic priorities and goals, and aligned with the CSR material issues we identified in 2013, a process that was informed by internal and external stakeholders† (CVS Health). One of the factors, which are also included in our CVS ´s mission statement, is to make healthcare accessible and affordable. The market reach of CVS is expanding through a globalized environment. The second of these three pillars of CVS ´s corporate social responsibility takes the environmental awareness into account. A reductionRead MoreThe Global Athletic Footwear Market Essay1101 Words   |  5 Pagespotential of market by measuring the political, economical, social and technical factors in a given country. Through this evaluation, the firm is able to determine which markets are more attractive and thus which markets hold the greatest potential for the firm to be successful. Due to the fact that these factors are external, the firm has no power over them and the only decisions the firm can make is to choose which political, economic, social and technological environment is suitable for it. Political

Effective Decisions Free Essays

Saumya Bhattacharya expressed her thoughts on how to come up with effective decisions and how to prevent its downsides. She quoted the source from the book of Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist and a Professor of Finance at Columbia Business School, called Think Twice—Harnessing the Power of Counterintuition. We will write a custom essay sample on Effective Decisions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mauboussin’s first step is to have enough knowledge in the situation that you have. This would help in making effective decisions if you are understand what you are getting into. He mentioned an example of Stephen Greenspan that confirms that sometimes it is better to be wise rather than being just intelligent. Essentially, he mentioned having a decision-making journal, that whenever you have an important decision to make, you can write the decisions you have come up, how you arrived at it, and assume what are the effects of your decisions. Changing voices especially writing was challenging. It can be intimidating because it is not a common way of expressing to us non-writers. Eventually, we have to get used to in a business writing way and even scholarly way. Both are essential because in writing you have to consider your readers and what level of knowledge they can comprehend. Sometimes we tend to overly express our thoughts through fancy words that lead to deviation in the main thought, unclear message, and disorganized thoughts. To avoid this, you must be brief, use familiar vocabulary and must be logical. I can classify the differences of business writing vs. scholarly writing into three categories: purpose, format, and its readers. In business writing, you are trying attain specific goal to complete a job while scholarly writing also known as academic writing that is commonly used in academic fields. It is usually based upon research of the chosen subject. Business writing often has a brief content like memos, reports and evaluations. In academic writing, we have essays, term papers and lab reports that are usually required to have extensive research and good sources. Scholarly writing can be used to support managerial writing because it is usually based on research and mostly written by experts. Sometimes you might need to have a good source that can prove your statement correct or to prove others’ statement wrong or vice-versa. Whether you used scholarly or business writing, as long as you keep it simple, clear, and consistent, your readers will understand what you are trying to convey. References Bhattacharya, S (March 7, 2010). HOW TO DECIDE EFFECTIVELY. Business Today, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p157-157. Retrieved from http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=968c482b-8197-48ac-9de1-e51638e99332%40sessionmgr112vid=2hid=101 University of Houston-Victoria. ACADEMIC VS. BUSINESS WRITING. Retrieved from http://www.uhv.edu/ac/business/academic.aspx (July 18, 2013) Walden University (2013). SCHOLARLY WRITING. Retrieved from http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/312.htm (July, 18, 2013) May, Claire and May, Gordon (2012). EFFECTIVE WRITING A HANDBOOK OF ACCOUNTANTS. One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Prentice Hall. Ask.com. Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-scholarly-writing (July 18, 2013) How to cite Effective Decisions, Papers

Cybercrime Case Study Paper free essay sample

The Fourth Amendment can be applied to the Internet, computer, and cybercrimes, but it must be done very carefully. The protections that are granted by the Fourth Amendment should depend on the data. If the data is content, which means any kind of communications such as email, or any remotely stored files on a computer system, then the information is protected by the Fourth Amendment. However, if the data is non-content information, such as IP address and email addresses then those are not guaranteed to be protected by the Fourth Amendment. In 2012, a federal judge ruled that the computer of an individual is not protected by the rights granted under the Fifth Amendment. Many times cybercriminals will claim that their Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights were violated when investigators conducted the initial or follow-up investigations. One such situation is the court case United States of America v. Richard D. King, Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Cybercrime Case Study Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page which was argued in the Third Judicial Circuit in 2009. In this case the defendant argued that his Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights were violated when the investigators served an arrest warrant for an accomplice at his residence. According to court documents and the case files, In August 2003, King was using the screen name ayoungbeaverluvr when he met Angela Larkin on a website called CherryPoppinDaddys. The two exchanged emails and chat message in reference to Larkins two year old daughter being the subject of child pornography and sexual acts against a child. Larkin sent King nude images of her daughter, whom she called Peanut, when she left her husband with her daughter, the only other thing she took with her was her computer. King offered to have Larkin live with him and when she agreed he drove over 200 miles to pick the two up from their location. When authorities in Texas found images of Peanut on the computer system of a suspect in their jurisdiction, they noticed the Pennsylvania location of Peanuts images, and notified authorities. Pennsylvania authorities conducted their investigation and narrowed down the home where the pictures were taken, when they went there they came in contact with Larkins husband who notified authorities that he had not heard from his wife since she left home with their daughter and her computer. When he was told about the criminal activity conducted with his daughter as a victim he immediately contacted Larkin and gave her most current cell phone number to authorities. Using cell phone tracking technology authorities were able to locate Larkin and get an arrest warrant for her immediate arrest. Larkin was living with her daughter at the King residence. When authorities went to the King residence, Kind opened the door and led authorities to Larkin. Larkin was taken into custody and as per the warrant her computer was also seized. King led authorities to the room and unplugged the computer to give to authorities, as officers were ready to take the computer, King objected and said that the hard drive inside the computer was his and officers had no right to the hard drive. At the time officers said they had the right to take the computer along with the hard drive and left. The data on the hard drive was incriminating evidence against Larkin and King along with others. Larkin was taken to a correctional facility, King planned to visit her and arranged to meet with FBI agent Kyle in March 2003. When King met with Agent Kyle he was informed that the interview was voluntary and he was free to leave at any time, in the course of the next several hours, King admitted to several different counts of performing oral sex on Peanut, and engaging in online relationships with young girls and viewing, downloading, and storing several thousand images of child pornography on his computer. Larking was indicted in February 2004, and King was first indicted in April 2004 he immediately surrendered to authorities. A second indictment was filed against King in April 2005 charging him for sending and causing the receipt of child pornographic images through interstate commerce and conspiracy to destroy evidence and obstruct an official proceeding. (University of Phoenix, 2009). King entered a plea of not guilty and attempted to suppress all evidence that was obtained when Larkin was arrested. King claimed that the manner in which the evidence was gathered was a violation of his Fourth and Fifth Amendment rights. King argued that when Larkin was arrested in February 2004, the authorities has served a warrant, however King claimed that this entry into his home and the seizure of Larkins computer for evidentiary purposes violated his Fourth Amendment rights. The other thing that King argued was that his Fifth Amendment rights were violated in March 2004 when he spoke to Agent Kyle, King claimed that his rights under Miranda v. Arizona were violated when that interrogation took place. The courts denied both of Kings motions saying  that officers had a warrant and probable cause to believe that Larkin was in the home, therefore Kings Fourth Amendment rights had not been violated. The seizure of the computer and the hard drive was also considered to constitutional on the basis that Larkin had consented to the seizure and King was knowledgeable about the contents of the hard drive when he installed his hard drive on Larkins computer. Lastly, the court declared that Kings Fifth Amendment rights we re not violated during that interrogation with Agent Kyle since the contact was not custodial. The ruling in this case can be applied to other cases involving computers or other devices that contain electronic evidence, if the situation is somewhat similar to the situations in the case of United States v. Richard D. King, Jr. If the authorities were to serve a search and/or arrest warrant and collect any evidence related to that case then the manner in which the evidence was collected is not considered to be a violation of the Fourth Amendment rights on the individual(s) involved. The same can be said about the rights granted by the Fifth Amendment and Miranda v. Arizona as long as the interrogation process was not custodial and the defendant was aware of that. As long as the defendant was aware that the interview was voluntary and he or she was free to leave at will then the interrogation is not considered to be a violation of the Fifth Amendment.

Bridge Intrusion Detection System

Question: Describe about the Bridge Intrusion Detection System? Answer: Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems Host-Based Anomaly Intrusion Detection Host-based IDS is classified within two sorts as misuse HIDS and commercial virus checking processes. The host-based anomaly includes some of the factors with networking, real-time, and computing resources (Hu 2013). The sequencing patterns are included for showing the system calls and the equivalent positions. The fundamentals of Hidden Markov Model are analyzed in this context of states and probabilities. Mimicry Attacks on Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems The journal discusses the typical host-based IDS architecture. Then in support to one theoretical framework, the HIDS threats depicted with respect to the modeling and malicious sequences (Wagner and Soto 2014). In many cases, empirical studies show that the mimicry attacks are with shortcomings of the serial riskiness and repeated threats. The article cited some of the steady attack sequences with tools applications. Steady attacks with several system calls and their individual impact on the systems are included in tabular format in the article. Host-based Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (HIDPS) The article incorporates the IDS and prevention systems with separate types of instructions. The intrusions are identified as the attempted break-ins, masquerade attacks, and leakage of typical use in systems resources. The IDPS classification is performed for showing the types of intruders, intrusions, techniques, and detection and prevention process (Letou, Devi and Singh 2013). There were certain levels of HIDPS with several strengths and limitations in this context of the study. The advantages and disadvantages are demonstrated with signature-level, anomaly-level, and state analysis in the study. Analysis of Host-Based and Network-Based Intrusion Detection System The article discusses about the root-kit threats, misuse risks, anomaly-based problems, and architecture analysis. The host-based and network-based architecture is demonstrated with the three types of structure. The article is important about the establishment of environment with the centralized, decentralized, or hierarchical patterns (Singh and Singh 2014). The research is conducted with setting the questions along with certain constraints and topic discussion. The sniffing activity is analyzed with charts and graphs in this aspect (Modi et al. 2013). The overall study is relevant with comparison of the host and network based IDS discussion and their analysis. An Implementation of Intrusion Detection System Using Genetic Algorithm The article is on the Genetic Algorithm and its application in the HIDS implementation. The IDS implementation is incorporated with algorithm and related further works are depicted in this aspect (Hoque et al. 2012). The study is supportive with anomaly and intrusion detection system according to the networking attacks. The attacks are identified as the denial of services attack, user to root level attacks, and probing process. Knowledge-based and Behavior Intrusion Detection System A Knowledge-Based Approach to Intrusion Detection Modeling This particular article is about the intrusion detection systems analysis and architecture discussion with knowledge based implementation. The vulnerabilities stay in the situation awareness and the knowledge as in situation aware IDS architecture. The article shows the sample reasoning rules with prototype design and validation (More et al. 2012). The ontology shows how the systematic attack occurs in case of logic and input validation. The on-bound and out-bound access is shown with malicious process execution. The related works suggest that the web browsers are vulnerable with intimate attacks as unauthorized, malicious insiders and web-text situation. A Profile Based Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention System for Securing Cloud Environment This article discusses the cloud oriented aspects and the vulnerabilities incorporated with it, again, the shared access files and document needs more security for mitigating the IDS to occur (Gupta, Kumar and Abraham 2013). The present scenarios of the cloud risks are mostly showing the abstract IDS with knowledge and behavior based attacks. The identified research gaps are in this study as the existing schemes are with virtual machine profiling. The normal analysis includes the intrusion with wasting the resources with authentic virtual machines (Ou 2012). The profile based IDS is less effective than the knowledge based ones, therefore, the identified gaps are with implementation of the realistic architecture. A Survey of Intrusion Detection Techniques for Cyber-Physical Systems Cyber-Physical systems are dispersed, federated with unequal and critical with comprising actuators, sensors and networking components. The systems are with multiple controlling loops, strict timings, and predictable network traffics. The attack model for CPSs is shorted with long duration and concerned processes are propagated into the sophisticated and unique traits (Mitchell and Chen 2014). The core IDS functions comprised with collection of data with analysis. The performance metrics include the True Positive Rate, False-Positive Rate for measuring the effectiveness. CIDS: A framework for Intrusion Detection in Cloud Systems This particular journal includes the cloud computing security, related IDS application for mitigation of the risks. Therefore, the journal incorporates the idea of another new framework named as CIDS with several nodes, attack scheduler machine, and other components (Kholidy and Baiardi 2012). The CIDS deployment models are included with detection model as well with audit exchange and independent models. Unsupervised Network Intrusion Detection Systems: Detecting the Unknown without Knowledge The journal demonstrates the related research with problems and their mitigation process (Casas, Mazel and Owezarski 2012). The problems of the framework are with non-supervision and therefore the network design is related with anomaly detection and the relevant change detection process. Summary Host-based IDS is classified within two sorts as misuse HIDS and commercial virus checking processes. Some of the journal discusses the typical host-based IDS architecture comparing the network-based IDS architecture. Some researchers cited the steady attack sequences with tools applications. Steady attacks with several system calls and their individual impact on the systems are included in tabular format in the article. Analysts incorporated the IDS and prevention systems with separate types of instructions. Researchers have identified and specified about the root-kit threats, misuse risks, anomaly-based problems, and architecture analysis. The overall study is relevant with comparison of the host and network based IDS discussion and their analysis. The study is supportive with anomaly and intrusion detection system according to the networking attacks. The attacks are identified as the denial of services attack, user to root level attacks, and probing process. This particular articl e is about the intrusion detection systems analysis and architecture discussion with knowledge based implementation. The vulnerabilities stay in the situation awareness and the knowledge as in situation aware IDS architecture. The CIDS deployment models are included with detection model as well with audit exchange and independent models. References Casas, P., Mazel, J. and Owezarski, P., 2012. Unsupervised network intrusion detection systems: Detecting the unknown without knowledge.Computer Communications,35(7), pp.772-783. Gupta, S., Kumar, P. and Abraham, A., 2013. A profile based network intrusion detection and prevention system for securing cloud environment.International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks,2013. Hoque, M.S., Mukit, M., Bikas, M. and Naser, A., 2012. An implementation of intrusion detection system using genetic algorithm.arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.1336. Hu, J., 2013. Host-Based Anomaly Intrusion Detection. [online] https://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au. Available at: https://goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au/~jiankun/Sample_Publication/Host_Based.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2016]. Kholidy, H.A. and Baiardi, F., 2012, April. CIDS: a framework for intrusion detection in cloud systems. InInformation Technology: New Generations (ITNG), 2012 Ninth International Conference on(pp. 379-385). IEEE. Letou, K., Devi, D. and Singh, Y.J., 2013. Host-based Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (HIDPS).International Journal of Computer Applications,69(26). Mitchell, R. and Chen, I.R., 2014. A survey of intrusion detection techniques for cyber-physical systems.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),46(4), p.55. Modi, C., Patel, D., Borisaniya, B., Patel, H., Patel, A. and Rajarajan, M., 2013. A survey of intrusion detection techniques in cloud.Journal of Network and Computer Applications,36(1), pp.42-57. More, S., Matthews, M., Joshi, A. and Finin, T., 2012, May. A knowledge-based approach to intrusion detection modeling. InSecurity and Privacy Workshops (SPW), 2012 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 75-81). IEEE. Ou, C.M., 2012. Host-based intrusion detection systems adapted from agent-based artificial immune systems.Neurocomputing,88, pp.78-86. Singh, A.P. and Singh, M.D., 2014. Analysis of Host-Based and Network-Based Intrusion Detection System.International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security,6(8), p.41. Wagner, D. and Soto, P., 2014. Mimicry Attacks on Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems. [online] https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu. Available at: https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~daw/papers/mimicry.pdf [Accessed 26 Feb. 2016].